Maternal obesity can have serious effects on both the maternal and fetal health. It is well established that increased maternal weight throughout pregnancy increases the risk for gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and cesareans. Additionally, maternal obesity can be a factor for complications related to fetal growth such as macrosomia (high birth weight) and increased congenital anomalies. However, the consequences of maternal obesity extend beyond the immediate pregnancy outcomes, and are believed to impact metabolic health of the offspring and increase risks for obesity, insulin resistance, and other cardiovascular disease later in life. Key mechanisms that link maternal obesity and these undesirable outcomes are metabolic hormone alteration, chronic inflammation, and changes in nutrient transfer across the placenta. Comprehensive approaches, including pre-pregnancy counseling, nutritional modifications, and recommendations for physical activity can help manage maternal obesity and mitigate risks to the mother and offspring, improving pregnancy outcomes and health later in life.
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